Vector and Pest Management : Introduction.

HISTORY...

Salt, smoke and insect repellent plants can keep away organism and preserve food. 5,000 years ago the Summarians controlled insects and mite with sulphur. In addition, Greeks and Romans used oil sprays, ash, sulphur ointment and lime to protect themselves, livestock and crop pests. Romans also burned field and rotated crops to reduce crop diseases.

2,500 years ago, Chinese used mercury and arsenic to controlled body lice and other pest. Besides that, Chinese plant desired insecticides and predatory ants to control caterpillars 1,200 years ago. Next, ducks and geese were used to catch insect and control weeds. To control and catch rats and mice, Malaysia used cat.

TYPES OF PEST.

• WELCOME PEST.

Welcome pest such as bees, flies and butterflies that carried pollen from plant to plant and that also help to pollinate flowers and crops. Next, ladybirds to eat caterpillars that kill plants. Moth, dung beetles can clean up animal dropping and the rotting bodies of dead animals. other example is honey bee, provide honey to eat and beeswax to polish furniture.

• UNWELCOME PEST.

Unwelcome pest such as mosquitoes can spread diseases, eg: malaria, dengue fever and etc. Secondly is bees, wasps and hornets, its painful sting and dangerous to some people. other unwelcome pests is termites and woodworms, damage furniture and buildings and Colorado beetles can eat and ruin potato crops. Next, Cockroaches can infest food stores and spread germs and Rodents can transmit disease and destroy material, eg: Leptospirosis, food poisoning and etc.

WHAT IS VECTOR?

Vector is any insects or arthropod, rodent, or other animal which capable causing discomfort, injury or capable of harboring or transmitting the causative agents of disease to humans or domestic animals. Example of vector are such as, mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, fleas and ticks are vectors of disease.

WHAT IS PEST?

Pests are living things which can be troublesome and unwanted. Some of pets called "vector" because they transmit disease and cause public health concern such as rodent, cockroaches, mildew, algae, plants insects, flies, bacteria, ticks, weed, weevil larvae, birds, bedbugs, fleas and etc.

PEST AND VECTOR CONTROL.

Identify, reduce or eliminate pest or vector populations in any given situation.

WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)?

IPM is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices and sound solutions for treating and controlling pests. Three basic steps is inspection, identification and treatment. Treatment options vary from sealing cracks and removing food and water resources to pesticides treatments when necessary.

IPM DEFINITION.....

"Optimum combination of control methods including biological, cultural, mechanical, physical or chemical control to reduce pest populations to an economical acceptable level with as few harmful effects as possible on the environment and non-target organisms."

R.L. Hix, CA Agric. Magazine, 55:4 (2001)

CONTROL METHOD.

• Physical control such as fly screens or trapping.
• Cultural control such as improving ventilation, hygiene and sanitation.
• Biological control such as parasites or predators to eradicate a particular pest.
• Chemical control such as appropriate pesticides.

WHY USE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)?

• prevent the spread of disease.
• to prevent wastage of food.
• to prevent damage.
• to comply with the law, eg: Pesticides Act 1974 ( Pest Control Operators ) Rules 2004, Plant Quarantine Act 1976, Plant Quarantine Regulations 1981.

THANK YOU!